Upper limb prosthetics are artificial devices designed to replace a missing part or the entirety of an arm. These prosthetics help individuals regain function and perform daily activities that would otherwise be difficult or impossible without the limb.

Types of Upper Limb Prosthetics:

1. Cosmetic Prosthetics: These are designed primarily for appearance. They resemble a natural arm or hand but may have limited or no functional capability.
2. Body-Powered Prosthetics: These devices are controlled by the movement of the body, typically using a harness system and cables. For example, a user might move their shoulder to operate the prosthetic hand or elbow.
3. Myoelectric Prosthetics: These advanced prosthetics use electrical signals generated by the muscles in the residual limb to control the device. Sensors on the skin detect these signals, which then control the movement of the prosthetic hand, wrist, or elbow.
4. Hybrid Prosthetics: A combination of body-powered and myoelectric systems, these prosthetics offer a balance between control and power, allowing the user to perform a broader range of functions.
5. Activity-Specific Prosthetics: These are designed for specific tasks or activities, such as sports, cooking, or playing musical instruments. They might be simpler in design but highly specialized for their intended use.

Components of Upper Limb Prosthetics:

• Prosthetic Hand: Can be cosmetic or functional, with some designs allowing for basic grasping motions, while more advanced models offer individual finger movement.
• Prosthetic Wrist: May allow rotation and flexion, improving the range of motion.
• Prosthetic Elbow: Can be manually or electronically controlled, depending on the type of prosthetic.
• Prosthetic Socket: The part that attaches to the residual limb, often custom-made for a comfortable fit.
• Harness or Control System: Used in body-powered prosthetics to control the movement of the prosthetic.

Upper limb prosthetics are crucial in helping individuals regain independence and perform daily tasks, ranging from simple actions like picking up objects to more complex movements involved in various activities and jobs.